Evolution
The progressive change in the anatomy of organisms from water to land.
Adaptive colouration and their functions.
Examples of structural adaptations in the following organisms that aid their survival:
(i) mosquitoes feeding
(Ii) securing of mates in agama lizards.
Behavioural adaptation as regards the castes in termites.
Law of use and disuse according to Jean Baptist de Lamar.
Important features that support the evidence of evolution
Occurrences apart from natural selection that may bring about evolution.
Variation and Evolution
Define the terms evolution and variation in relation to living organisms.
Identify the relationship between the two terms variation and evolution.
Recognise that variation could be morphological or physiological.
State a few examples of:
(i) morphological variations.
(ii) physiological variations.
List different ways that individuals vary in their behaviours and functions.
Explain the application of variation to crime detection.
State the blood group types that can be transfused for an individual with a known blood group.
Deduce the possibility of children with a particular blood group belonging to a man (father).
Variation and Evolution
Define the terms evolution and variation in relation to living organisms.
Identify the relationship between the two terms variation and evolution.
Recognise that variation could be morphological or physiological.
State a few examples of:
(i) morphological variations.
(ii) physiological variations.
List different ways that individuals vary in their behaviours and functions.
Explain the application of variation to crime detection.
State the blood group types that can be transfused for an individual with a known blood group.
Deduce the possibility of children with a particular blood group belonging to a man (father).
Biology of Heredity (Genetics1)
Identify dominant/recessive characteristics.
Infer that dominant characters mask the contribution of the recessive characters for the first generation (Fl).
Recognise that the dominant characters become manifest in more individual members of a population than the recessive characters.
Identify chromosomes in diagrams of cells.
Note that chromosomes carry genes which are responsible for inherited characters:
(a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of:
– Cross-fertilization and self-fertilization.
– Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
– In and out-breeding.
(b) Relate the application of the above to practices in agriculture and medicine.
Biology of Heredity (Genetics1)
Identify dominant/recessive characteristics.
Infer that dominant characters mask the contribution of the recessive characters for the first generation (Fl).
Recognise that the dominant characters become manifest in more individual members of a population than the recessive characters.
Identify chromosomes in diagrams of cells.
Note that chromosomes carry genes which are responsible for inherited characters:
(a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of:
– Cross-fertilization and self-fertilization.
– Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
– In and out-breeding.
(b) Relate the application of the above to practices in agriculture and medicine.
Biology of Heredity (Genetics1)
Identify dominant/recessive characteristics.
Infer that dominant characters mask the contribution of the recessive characters for the first generation (Fl).
Recognise that the dominant characters become manifest in more individual members of a population than the recessive characters.
Identify chromosomes in diagrams of cells.
Note that chromosomes carry genes which are responsible for inherited characters:
(a) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of:
– Cross-fertilization and self-fertilization.
– Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.
– In and out-breeding.
(b) Relate the application of the above to practices in agriculture and medicine.
Reproductive Behaviours
State the different types of courtship behaviours in different animals.
Explain the terms:
(i) courtship
(ii) territorialism in animals.
Fruits
Distinguished between fruits and seeds.
State various types of fruits.
Classify fruits.
State the ways fruits are dispersed.
Describe the features that adapt fruits to their modes of disposal.
Development of New Seeds
Define fertilization.
Draw and label the male and female reproductive parts involved in fertilization.
Describe the process of pollen development.
Locate the position of embryo within the seed.
Reproductive System and Reproduction in Humans
Identify the various parts of the male and female reproductive system in man.
Draw, label and describe the structures of the male and female reproductive organs in man.
State the function of the various parts of the male and female reproductive systems in man. Compare the structures.
Draw, label and describe the structure of the male and female gametes (sperm and ovum).
Explain the process of fertilization in man
List the conditions necessary for survival.
Balance in Nature
Recognise population as an integral part of the community
Explain that different population of organisms make up a community.
List factors that may affect changes in population
Explain the term dynamic equilibrium as related to different population in a climax community
Recognise the approximately constant numbers of individuals in a population despite fluctuation
List some family planning methods in human community.
Balance in Nature
Recognise population as an integral part of the community
Explain that different population of organisms make up a community.
List factors that may affect changes in population
Explain the term dynamic equilibrium as related to different population in a climax community
Recognise the approximately constant numbers of individuals in a population despite fluctuation
List some family planning methods in human community.
Ecology of Population
Define the term succession.
Distinguish between primary and secondary succession.
Describe the series of changes that often culminate in a stable ecosystem.
Discover a definite sequence of plant colonization.
Describe the characteristics of a stable community and recognize the climax of succession.
Define the term overcrowding.
State factors that may cause overcrowding.
State the effects of overcrowding.
State measures adopted in nature to avoid overcrowding.
State the causes of food shortage.
List the effects of food shortage.
Infer that food has a direct influence on mortality on animal population.
Sense Organs
List the major sense organs and infer their locations.
Describe the organs of smell and taste.
Identify the different parts of the tongue associated with sweetness, bitterness, salty and sore taste.
Draw the skin showing the different receptors present.
Describe the structure of the mammalian ear.
Explain the functions of the ear (hearing and balance).
Describe the mammalian eye and explain the functions of its various parts.
Explain the functions of the eye:
– image formation
– accommodation
Explain the terms myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, cataracts and night blindness
Name the kind of lens that can be used to correct myopic and hypermetropia defects.
Nervous Co-ordination
Locate the position of the CNS (brain and spinal cord) in a dissected vertebrate.
Describe the structure of the brain and explain the functions of its various organs.
Describe the spinal cord and explain its function
State the structural difference between the brain and spinal cord
Identify the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) and describe its function.
Describe typical neuron
Group neurons according to functions as found in vertebrates and explain their functions.
Explain the process of impulse transmission.
Distinguish between a reflex action and a conditioned reflex action giving a few examples of each
Nervous Co-ordination
Locate the position of the CNS (brain and spinal cord) in a dissected vertebrate.
Describe the structure of the brain and explain the functions of its various organs.
Describe the spinal cord and explain its function
State the structural difference between the brain and spinal cord
Identify the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) and describe its function.
Describe typical neuron
Group neurons according to functions as found in vertebrates and explain their functions.
Explain the process of impulse transmission.
Distinguish between a reflex action and a conditioned reflex action giving a few examples of each
Regulation of Internal Environment (i)
List the main organs and substances involved in homeostasis (control mechanism).
Describe the structure and functions of these organs: kidney and liver.
Name some kidney diseases and explain their symptoms and effects.
Name some liver diseases and briefly explain their symptoms and effects.
Discuss the remedy for unhealthy conditions kidney and the liver.
Explain what hormones are
List some endocrine glands, their positions in the body and their functions.
State the effect of overproduction and underproduction of these hormones.
Identify the mammalian skin under the microscope.
Draw and label the main structures of the skin.
State the functions of the mammalian skin.
State a few ways to care for the skin.
Regulation of Internal Environment (i)
List the main organs and substances involved in homeostasis (control mechanism).
Describe the structure and functions of these organs: kidney and liver.
Name some kidney diseases and explain their symptoms and effects.
Name some liver diseases and briefly explain their symptoms and effects.
Discuss the remedy for unhealthy conditions kidney and the liver.
Explain what hormones are
List some endocrine glands, their positions in the body and their functions.
State the effect of overproduction and underproduction of these hormones.
Identify the mammalian skin under the microscope.
Draw and label the main structures of the skin.
State the functions of the mammalian skin.
State a few ways to care for the skin.
Servo-mechanism
Explain the operations of servo- system.
Explain the applications of a servo-system.
Control circuits
Explain the concept of control circuits.
State types of control circuits.
Explain principles of operation of control circuits.