Category: All Resources

Electrolysis (i)

Explaining the quantitative aspects of electrolysis
-Defining electrolytes (strong, weak, fused/molten, non-electrolytes), electrolytic and electrochemical cells
-Differentiating between strong and weak electrolytes
-Illustrating the electrolysis of acidified water, copper II sulphates and brines;
-Identifying factors affecting the discharge of ions during Electrolysis
-Construction of electrolytic and electrochemical cells
-Faraday’s laws of Electrolysis
-Calculating the amount of substances liberated or deposited at electrodes during electrolysis
-The uses of electrolysis in the extraction and purification of metals

Ionic Theory

Explaining the difference between:
– Electrovalent and covalent compounds
– Electrolytes and non-Electrolytes, and investigate the movement of ions in a solution
Distinguish between strong and weak electrolytes
Ranking and explaining the position of ions in the electrochemical series
Relate the order of ions in the electrochemical series to their rate of discharge from solution
State the factors affecting the preferential discharge of ions

Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions

Defining of oxidation as the addition of oxygen removal of hydrogen;
Process of electron loss
Process of increase of oxidation number of a substance
Define reduction as the reverse of any of the above processes.
Calculating oxidation numbers of elements using a set of arbitrary rules:
(a) oxidation number of free elements = 0
(b) oxidation number of oxygen in any compound is except in peroxides where it is – 1
(c) oxidation number of H is + 1, except in hydrides where it is – 1
(d) the oxidation number of a neutral molecule or compound is zero e.g. H2SO4 =0 etc.
Use oxidation numbers to name inorganic compounds, to include the number of oxygen atom and water
molecules (if hydrated) determine the oxidation states number of common elements in their compounds
Defining of oxidizing and reducing agents in terms of addition and removal of oxygen and hydrogen respectively loss and gain of electrons change in oxidation numbers/states
Writing and balancing redox equations.

Principal Quantum Numbers

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to understand the Principal Quantum Numbers

Hydrocarbon

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to understand Hydrocarbon

Carbon and its Compounds: Charcoal (II)

Identifying various substances in and around us that contain carbon;
Description of the unique characteristics of carbon as an element;
The relationship between the structure of carbon and the existence of many natural and synthetic carbon-containing compounds;
Define the term allotrope;
Show that carbon forms two types of oxides both of which are important economically.
Identify carbon (IV)oxide.

Carbon and its Compounds: Charcoal

Identifying various substances in and around us that contain carbon;
Description of the unique characteristics of carbon as an element;
The relationship between the structure of carbon and the existence of many natural and synthetic carbon-containing compounds;
Define the term allotrope;
Show that carbon forms two types of oxides both of which are important economically.
Identify carbon (IV)oxide.

Oxides of Carbon: Carbon and its Compounds

Identifying various substances in and around us that contain carbon;
Description of the unique characteristics of carbon as an element;
The relationship between the structure of carbon and the existence of many natural and synthetic carbon-containing compounds;
Define the term allotrope;
Show that carbon forms two types of oxides both of which are important economically.
Identify carbon (IV)oxide.

Carbon and its Compounds

Identifying various substances in and around us that contain carbon;
Description of the unique characteristics of carbon as an element;
The relationship between the structure of carbon and the existence of many natural and synthetic carbon-containing compounds;
Define the term allotrope;
Show that carbon forms two types of oxides both of which are important economically.
Identify carbon (IV)oxide.

Salts: Acids, Bases and Salts

Definitions of acids, bases and salts;
Identification of acids and bases;
Description of the nature of proton in an aqueous solution;
Explanation neutralization reactions;
Explanation of how an acid-base indicator works;
Use of pH as a scale and discussion on the importance of the pH value;
Identification and preparation of salts (normal, acidic, basic);
State properties of salts;
State the rules of solubility of salts in water.

Bases and Salts: Acids, Bases and Salts

Definitions of acids, bases and salts;
Identification of acids and bases;
Description of the nature of proton in an aqueous solution;
Explanation neutralization reactions;
Explanation of how an acid-base indicator works;
Use of pH as a scale and discussion on the importance of the pH value;
Identification and preparation of salts (normal, acidic, basic);
State properties of salts;
State the rules of solubility of salts in water.

Water

State sources of Water;
State the properties of water;
Describe the laboratory preparation of water;
Distinguish between soft and hard water;
Define pollution and list some water pollutants;
State the uses of water;
Describe the procedure for the laboratory preparation of water.

Acids: Acids,Bases and Salts

Definitions of acids, bases and salts;
Identification of acids and bases;
Description of the nature of proton in an aqueous solution;
Explanation neutralization reactions;
Explanation of how an acid-base indicator works;
Use of pH as a scale and discussion on the importance of the pH value;
Identification and preparation of salts (normal, acidic, basic);
State properties of salts;
State the rules of solubility of salts in water.

Standard Separation Techniques for Mixtures

State the different standard methods of separating mixtures and their individual applications;
Manipulate different apparatus for separation techniques;
Draw separation technique apparatus;
State the criteria for purity;
Distinguish between pure and impure substances.

Boyle’s Law

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to understand Boyle’s Law

Chemical Combination 2

At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to understand Chemical Combination